Arabic Sustainability Dictionary

Spend-based emission factor

An emission factor expressed per unit of money spent on a product or service category, used to make a first estimate of Scope 3 emissions when physical data are not available.

Supplier-specific emission factor

An emission factor derived from data provided by a particular supplier for its product or service, which generally takes priority over generic or average factors.

Target year

The year by which a target is to be achieved.

Transition risk

Risks arising from the shift to a low-carbon economy, including policy, legal, technology, market and reputation changes.

Transitional period

The CBAM reporting-only phase from October 2023 to the end of 2025, during which importers reported embedded emissions without paying for them.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The 1992 international treaty that provides the framework for intergovernmental efforts to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations and address climate change.

Upstream fuel- and energy-related emissions

Emissions from extracting, producing and transporting fuels and energy that a company uses, plus grid transmission and distribution losses, not already counted in Scopes 1 and 2; Scope 3 category 3.

Voluntary carbon market (VCM)

A market in which companies and individuals buy carbon credits voluntarily, outside regulatory compliance obligations.

Well-below 2°C

A level of ambition consistent with keeping global warming well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, as set out in the Paris Agreement.