Arabic Sustainability Dictionary

Reasonable assurance

A high but not absolute level of assurance, expressed as a positive opinion that information is prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the criteria.

Recordable injury rate

The number of recordable work-related injuries per a set number of hours worked, for example per million hours.

Recyclability

The extent to which a product or material can be collected, sorted and reprocessed into new material in practice.

Recycled content

The proportion, by mass, of a product or package made from recycled material.

Recycling

Reprocessing waste materials into products, materials or substances for their original or other purposes, excluding energy recovery.

Reduce, reuse, recycle (3R)

A principle for minimising waste by using fewer resources, using products again and turning waste into new materials.

Reforestation

Replanting trees on land that was recently forested but has been cleared.

Refrigerant leakage

The unintended release of refrigerant gases, many of which have high global warming potentials, from cooling and air-conditioning equipment; it counts as Scope 1.

Related party transaction

A transfer of resources, services or obligations between a company and parties that can control or significantly influence it, such as directors or major shareholders.

Remanufacturing

Restoring used products to like-new condition through disassembly, repair and replacement of worn parts.

Renewable electricity certificate

A tradable instrument certifying that one unit of electricity (usually 1 MWh) was generated from a renewable source; it can lower market-based Scope 2 only for the same market and period.

Renewable energy

Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and sustainable biomass.

Renewable share of energy

The proportion of a company's total energy consumption that comes from renewable sources.

Reporting boundary

The entities, operations and value chain activities included in a report.

Reporting framework

A published set of disclosure requirements or guidance that specifies what an organisation should report, such as GRI, ESRS, ISSB or TCFD.

Reporting period

The time span covered by a report, usually aligned with the financial year.

Resource efficiency

Using the earth's limited resources in a sustainable manner while minimising impacts on the environment, producing more with less.

Resource use

The consumption of materials, water and energy by an organisation, including resource inflows and outflows such as products and waste.

Responsible investment

An investment approach that incorporates ESG factors into decisions and active ownership to manage risks and generate sustainable long-term returns.

Restatement

The correction or revision of previously reported information, with an explanation of the reasons and effects.

Sampling

Selecting and testing less than 100% of items in a population to draw conclusions about the whole.

SASB Standards (SASB)

Industry-specific sustainability disclosure standards, now maintained by the ISSB, that identify the sustainability topics most relevant to financial performance in 77 industries.

Saudi Green Initiative (SGI)

A national initiative launched in 2021 that targets net zero emissions by 2060, large-scale tree planting and the protection of land and sea areas in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Vision 2030

Saudi Arabia's national strategic framework launched in 2016 to diversify the economy and develop public services, including sustainability and environmental goals.

Scenario analysis

A process for assessing how a strategy might perform under a range of plausible future conditions, such as different climate warming pathways.

Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)

An organisation that sets criteria for science-based emission-reduction targets and validates companies' targets against them, including a minimum annual reduction rate consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C.

Scope 1 emissions

Direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company, such as fuel combustion, industrial processes and refrigerant leaks.

Scope 2 emissions

Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of electricity, steam, heat and cooling that the company purchases and consumes.

Scope 3 emissions

All other indirect greenhouse gas emissions in the company's upstream and downstream value chain, grouped by the GHG Protocol into 15 categories.

Second-party opinion (SPO)

An independent external review assessing whether a green, social, sustainability or sustainability-linked financing framework aligns with market principles.